VIROMICS AND HOST IMMUNODYNAMICS IN ZOONOTIC SPILLOVERS

Abstract

 Viromics and Host Immunodynamics in Zoonotic Spillovers is an analysis that takes into account the factors of genetic and ecology that contribute to the emergence of zoonosis in a very diverse range of disciplines.  Herein, such crucial causes of spillover events are demonstrated when viromic data are integrated with host immune measures constituting a broad spectrum of many species, such as bats, rodents, primates, birds, and porcine.  Nine large datasets with at least 20 entries were made in order to entertain the relationships between host species, virus strain characteristics, immunological modulation and risks of spillover.  The results indicate that rats and bats record the highest cases of high-risk strains of the virus which are usually associated with moderate to low immune reactions. This raises the idea that the immune escape plays a key role in contributing to the ease with which the viruses can inter-transmit the species.  Hybrid visualization and scatter plot revealed that there is no direct relationship between the strength of the immune response and likelihood of spillover. This implies that the most opportune possibility of a spill over could occur under partial suppression of the immune system.  Twelve complex visualizations including line graphs, bar plots, pie charts, scatter plots, and boxplots demonstrated even further how spillover dynamics are different across the species.  Most of the time, the strains such as RYB-978 and PTH-750 were related to many cases and large risk scores.  The findings illustrate the significance of incorporating the host ecology and virome characterization as well as immunodynamics in the predictive modeling methods.  The paper supports the development of proactive surveillance system working with One Health paradigm and provides a method that can be applied in the practical world to determine the metagenomics risk..