INVESTIGATING THE FEASIBILITY OF USING AQUAPONICS SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE FISH AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN URBAN AREAS

Abstract

The growing pressures of population expansion, climate variability, and resource scarcity necessitate innovative and sustainable food production systems. This study experimentally evaluated the performance of an integrated aquaponics system combining recirculating aquaculture and hydroponic plant cultivation within a closed-loop framework. A mixed-method approach was employed, integrating quantitative measurements of water quality, fish growth, plant productivity, nutrient transformation efficiency, water reuse, and energy consumption with qualitative assessments of operational stability and system feasibility. The results demonstrate stable physicochemical water conditions suitable for both aquatic and plant organisms, alongside significant fish biomass gains and high plant yield. Efficient nitrogen conversion and nutrient recovery confirmed the effectiveness of biofiltration processes, enabling near-zero waste discharge. Water-use efficiency was markedly improved, with substantial reductions compared to conventional agriculture, while energy productivity ratios indicated favorable system efficiency. Graphical and tabulated analyses further revealed strong correlations between nutrient availability and biological performance, as well as consistent productivity across seasonal variations. Overall, the findings establish aquaponics as a resource-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and scalable food production model, particularly suitable for urban and land-constrained settings. The study highlights aquaponics as a promising solution for enhancing food security while minimizing ecological footprint.