LAMENESS ETIOLOGIES IN BROILER CHICKENS RAISED UNDER INTENSIVE HOUSING

Abstract

Lameness represents a critical welfare and productivity concern in broiler chickens raised under high-density production systems, stemming from complex genetic, environmental, nutritional, and infectious interactions. This study aimed to unravel the multifactorial etiology of lameness through comprehensive evaluations of broiler flocks across several commercial farms. The findings revealed that accelerated growth rates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of skeletal deformities and gait abnormalities. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly reduced levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, emerged as primary contributors to impaired bone development. Microbiological analysis identified frequent isolation of Staphylococcus spp. and avian reovirus from joint lesions, indicating an infectious component in lameness pathogenesis. Environmental monitoring further highlighted poor litter quality, excessive stocking density, suboptimal ventilation, and inadequate lighting as key aggravating factors. Biomechanical and histological assessments confirmed strong correlations between skeletal abnormalities and reduced musculoskeletal integrity. Additionally, a positive relationship was observed between advancing bird age, increasing body weight, and rising lameness incidence. Collectively, these findings underscore the need for holistic management strategies integrating genetic selection for skeletal soundness, balanced nutritional protocols, optimized housing conditions, and stringent biosecurity measures. The study provides actionable insights for industry stakeholders seeking to improve broiler welfare and minimize economic losses associated with lameness.